What Are Cannabis Terpenes And What Do They Do?

Imagine walking through a lush, vibrant garden, and the array of scents—citrusy, floral, earthy—hits you like a wave. That’s the power of terpenes, the aromatic compounds found in many plants, including your favorite cannabis strains.

But they’re not just responsible for those delicious scents; terpenes play a significant role in the overall effects of cannabis. They’re the unsung heroes in your cannabis experience, adding layers to the high, influencing how you feel, and maybe even offering some health benefits on the side. 

Knowing how terpenes work is an important part of understanding cannabis—and personalizing your experience. Learning the different terpene profiles is beneficial in helping you identify the potential for therapeutic and psychological effects of cannabis, along with its aroma, flavor and color.

The organic compounds found in terpenes provide different benefits, such as anti-inflammatory or anxiety-reducing properties. Cannabis plants showcase about 40 terpenes each, and a total of 200 have been identified in different strains.

This guide will help you better understand cannabis terpenes and how they make your experience far more flavorful—literally and figuratively.

What Are Terpenes?

Terpenes are organic compounds found in the essential oils of the female cannabis plant that determine each strain’s unique scent and flavor. They are essential for the plant’s growth and survival by not only producing unique aromas, but also creating the plant’s colors in their buds and leaves.

This pigmentation attracts certain creatures to spread pollen—and deters others that could cause harm—all while strengthening the plant’s immune system.

Terpenes are volatile compounds—organic chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature—so extraction must occur with extreme care. Three main extraction processes include: solventless (steam or hydro-distillation), solvent (using hydrocarbons and gases) and mechanical (using pressure and heat).

What are some examples of terpenes in cannabis?

Let’s get into the nitty-gritty. Here are some of the most common terpenes found in cannabis and what they do:

• Myrcene: Known for its calming, sedative effects, myrcene is perfect for those seeking relaxation or sleep. Strains high in myrcene include Blue Dream and OG Kush.

   

• Limonene: If you’re looking for a mood boost, limonene is your go-to terpene. Its citrusy scent is uplifting, and it’s commonly found in strains like Sour Diesel and Super Lemon Haze.

   

• Linalool: Need to de-stress? Linalool’s soothing, anti-anxiety effects make it a favorite for those looking to calm their nerves. Strains like Lavender and Amnesia Haze are high in linalool.

   

• Pinene: Its refreshing pine scent is great for focus and respiratory health. Popular strains include Jack Herer and Pineapple Express.

   

• Caryophyllene: This spicy, peppery terpene is known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. You’ll find it in strains like Girl Scout Cookies and Bubba Kush.

   

• Terpinolene: Energetic and uplifting, terpinolene has a floral aroma and is perfect for daytime use. Strains like Dutch Treat and Jack Herer are high in this terpene.

   

• Humulene: Often found in hops, humulene is known for its anti-inflammatory and appetite-suppressing effects. Strains like White Widow and Skywalker OG are rich in humulene.

   

Where Do Terpenes Come From?

Terpenes are nature’s little multitaskers, and they aren’t exclusive to cannabis. You’ll find them in fruits, herbs, and spices. Have you ever cut into a juicy orange and noticed that sharp citrus scent? That’s the work of limonene, a terpene that also shows up in cannabis.

These compounds are produced naturally by plants and flowers, and while they contribute to aroma, they play a crucial role in the plant’s survival. In nature, terpenes act as a defense mechanism, repelling pests or attracting pollinators.

When it comes to cannabis, terpene production is influenced by environmental factors like light, temperature, and even soil composition. If you’ve ever noticed a difference in smell or taste between indoor and outdoor-grown cannabis, you can thank these factors for altering the plant’s terpene profile.

How Terpenes Influence Your Cannabis Experience

If you’ve ever wondered why two cannabis strains with similar THC content hit you differently, terpenes are your answer. These compounds are like the supporting actors in your favorite movie, enhancing the overall experience without stealing the show.

Terpenes work alongside cannabinoids like THC and CBD, tweaking the effects and the way the high feels in your body.

For example:

• A strain high in myrcene might make you feel sedated and relaxed, perfect for those Netflix-and-chill evenings.
• A limonene-rich strain might give you a burst of energy and focus, making it ideal for a creative work session.

It’s like the difference between drinking a cup of chamomile tea versus a shot of espresso—both are beneficial, but the experience is wildly different.

Terpenes vs. Cannabinoids: What’s the Difference?

Three of the most commonly discussed naturally occurring compounds of the cannabis plant are terpenes, CBD, and THC. Cannabidiol, commonly referred to as CBD, is the second most active ingredient (to THC) found in cannabis—and cannot cause a high.

Instead, the chemicals in CBD have a different effect on the brain and body, which can help aid in pain relief and stimulate relaxation.

Pure THC (isolated delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, will provide a generic high—one without character profiles like “anti-anxiety” or “pain relief.”

Think of cannabinoids as the main ingredients in a recipe and terpenes as the spices that give it flavor. They enhance and balance the psychoactive and therapeutic outcomes, ensuring that your cannabis experience is well-rounded and tailored to your needs.

Why Cannabinoids and Terpenes Are Better Together

Alright, here’s where things get really fun. Cannabinoids like THC and CBD are the main players in your cannabis experience, but they’re even better when they team up with terpenes. It’s like a well-rehearsed band—each compound plays its part, but together, they create a more harmonious and enjoyable vibe.

This synergy is called the Entourage Effect, and it’s the reason why a full-spectrum cannabis experience is far superior to isolating any one compound.

Here’s how it works: Terpenes and cannabinoids both interact with your body’s endocannabinoid system, but terpenes help cannabinoids—like THC and CBD—do their job even better. They act as a kind of guide, assisting cannabinoids in entering your bloodstream and enhancing the effects you feel.

Take linalool, for example. This terpene is famous for its calming, almost sedative effects. On its own, linalool is relaxing, but when you combine it with THC, it kicks the relaxation into high gear.

It’s perfect for winding down after a long day or getting some deep, quality sleep. This kind of dynamic duo is what makes the Entourage Effect so special: it amplifies everything in a way you just don’t get with isolated THC or CBD.

Terpenes can also step in to offer additional therapeutic benefits. They help with things like:

• Pain relief (thank you, beta-caryophyllene)
• Stress reduction (looking at you, limonene)
• Better sleep (hello, myrcene and linalool)

So, the next time you’re choosing a strain, don’t just focus on the THC or CBD percentages. Think about the terpenes too. Those little aromatic compounds are what make your cannabis experience richer, deeper, and a whole lot more enjoyable.

The Entourage Effect proves that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, making your high more nuanced and, let’s be honest, way more fun.

Terpenes’ Role in Cannabis Strains’ Flavor and Aroma

Ever had a cannabis strain that tasted like fresh lemons or smelled like a pine forest after the rain? That’s the magic of terpenes at work. Different terpenes contribute to the unique flavors and aromas of cannabis strains, helping you choose your next favorite based on your sensory preferences.

For example, limonene gives strains a citrusy, fresh vibe, while myrcene lends an earthy, musky scent that’s common in strains like Blue Dream or OG Kush.

Want something more floral? Look for strains high in linalool, like Lavender or Amnesia Haze.

Even the way cannabis is grown—whether indoors, outdoors, or in a greenhouse—can affect the terpene profile, and by extension, the flavor and aroma.

Therapeutic Benefits of Terpenes in Cannabis

Here’s where things get even more intriguing: Terpenes aren’t just about making your cannabis smell and taste good. Research suggests they may also offer a range of therapeutic benefits.

While the science is still catching up, early studies indicate that certain terpenes have potential antiviral, anticancer, antidepressant, antimicrobial, and even pain-relieving properties. Let’s break down some of the most promising findings.

Antiviral Potential

Alpha-pinene, one of the most common terpenes in cannabis, has shown promise for its antiviral properties. It’s been used in traditional medicine for respiratory issues, and its inclusion in cannabis may offer additional therapeutic benefits when consumed.

Anticancer Properties

Limonene and beta-caryophyllene have been the subjects of preliminary studies examining their potential anticancer effects. While it’s too early to make any definitive claims, researchers are hopeful that terpenes could play a role in future cancer therapies, especially in conjunction with cannabinoids.

Mood-Enhancing & Antidepressant Effects

Feeling down? Terpenes like linalool and limonene are known for their mood-boosting effects. These compounds may help alleviate anxiety and depression, making them valuable for medical cannabis users who turn to the plant for mental health support.

Antimicrobial & Pain-Relieving Benefits

If you’re looking to combat bacteria or fungi naturally, myrcene and caryophyllene could be your new best friends. Early research suggests that these terpenes have antimicrobial properties, which could make them useful in natural medicine and skincare.

Additionally, beta-caryophyllene is recognized for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, making it a go-to terpene for those seeking relief from chronic pain, arthritis, or migraines.

How to Identify Terpenes in Cannabis

So, you want to be a terpene detective? Good news—it’s easier than you think.

Figuring out the terpene profile of your cannabis can transform your experience, whether you’re after a zesty, citrusy pick-me-up or a deeply relaxing, earthy vibe. Here’s how you do it.

Lab Testing is Your Friend
Many reputable brands and dispensaries in the cannabis industry offer third-party lab results or a Certificate of Analysis (COA). These are goldmines of information because they break down the entire chemical profile of the cannabis, including the terpenes. Keep an eye out for:

• Terpenes listed by name (like limonene, myrcene, or pinene)
• Percentages of each terpene, so you know exactly how much you’re getting

Looking for relaxation? Go for a strain high in myrcene. Need energy? Limonene is your best bet. Always check these lab results to ensure you’re getting quality, terpene-rich cannabis without any nasty contaminants like pesticides.

Trust Your Nose & Taste Buds
Your senses are built-in terpene detectors. If a strain smells like fresh lemons or limes, you’re likely dealing with limonene. If it’s got that classic, earthy, muskiness? Myrcene might be the dominant terpene.

Use this sensory hack to spot the terpenes in your cannabis:

• Citrusy smells? That’s limonene.
• Pine or herbal? Say hello to pinene.
• Earthy, musky tones? Probably myrcene.

The more you explore, the better you’ll get at picking up on these scents and flavors. It’s like becoming a wine connoisseur—but more fun.

Get Help From the Pros
Don’t be shy—ask your budtender! Dispensaries often provide terpene information on the labels or menus, but if you’re unsure, budtenders are terpene experts. They can guide you based on the effects you’re after or the flavors you prefer.

Need help finding a strain to help with anxiety? They’ll point you toward something with calming linalool. Looking for focus and clarity? Pinene might be more your speed.

Quick Recap:

• Check the COA: Look for those terpene percentages.
• Use your senses: Smell and taste are your terpene radar.
• Ask for help: Budtenders are there to guide you.

By using these three tips, you’ll be a terpene pro in no time, making more informed choices about your cannabis experience and enjoying your strains like a seasoned connoisseur.

The Power of Terpenes in Cannabis

Terpenes might not be the star of the cannabis show, but they’re undoubtedly the supporting cast that makes everything more interesting.

While cannabinoids like THC and CBD often steal the spotlight, terpenes are quietly working behind the scenes to make your cannabis experience richer, more enjoyable, and way more tailored to your needs.

Whether you’re drawn to cannabis for its therapeutic potential or just want to enjoy a good high, understanding the role of terpenes can help you fine-tune your experience.

So, the next time you’re picking up some flower, take a moment to appreciate the terpenes—they’re doing way more for you than you might think.